Adipose Tissue

A specialized connective tissue that serves as the primary storage site for energy in the form of triglycerides. While traditionally viewed as a passive reservoir for fat, it is now recognized as a highly active endocrine organ. It secretes a variety of signaling molecules known as adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which play critical roles in regulating appetite, insulin sensitivity, and systemic inflammation.

Adipose tissue is categorized into white adipose tissue (WAT), which stores energy and provides insulation, and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is thermogenic and burns energy to produce heat. Excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue, particularly in the visceral region surrounding internal organs, is a hallmark of obesity and is strongly linked to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease.